Granular hopper

This is work by James Landry, formerly at Sandia, now at MIT Lincoln Labs, modeling flow of granular material from a hopper. Such models can be used to study flow rates and mixing as a function of geometry, or jamming that can occur near the mouth of the hopper.

The first two movies are continuous hopper flow through a reduced diameter nozzle. The second movie is the same as the first, but showing a band of material as it separates due to wall friction. The third movie is actually of packing into a cylindrical container, not hopper flow.