33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

CA Mirkin and SH Petrosko and N Artzi and K Aydin and A Biaggne and CJ Brinker and KE Bujold and YC Cao and RR Chan and CJ Chen and PC Chen and XD Chen and OJGL Chevalier and CHJ Choi and RM Crooks and VP Dravid and JSS Du and SB Ebrahimi and HY Fan and OK Farha and CA Figg and TD Fink and CM Forsyth and H Fuchs and FM Geiger and NC Gianneschi and KJ Gibson and DS Ginger and SS Guo and JS Hanes and LL Hao and J Huang and BM Hunter and FW Huo and J Hwang and RC Jin and SO Kelley and TJ Kempa and Y Kim and S Kudruk and S Kumari and KM Landy and KB Lee and NJ Leon and J Li and YW Li and ZW Li and B Liu and GL Liu and XG Liu and LM Liz- Marzán and JH Lorch and TK Luo and RJ Macfarlane and JE Millstone and M Mrksich and CJ Murphy and RR Naik and AE Nel and C Oetheimer and JKH Orbeck and SJ Park and BE Partridge and NA Peppas and ML Personick and A Raj and N Ramani and MB Ross and SB Ross and EH Sargent and T Sengupta and GC Schatz and DS Seferos and T Seideman and SE Seo and B Shen and W Shim and D Shin and U Simon and AJ Sinegra and PT Smith and AM Spokoyny and PJ Stang and AH Stegh and JF Stoddart and DF Swearer and WH Tan and MH Teplensky and CS Thaxton and DR Walt and MX Wang and Z Wang and WD Wei and PS Weiss and PH Winegar and YN Xia and Y Xie and XY Xu and PD Yang and YM Yang and ZH Ye and KR Yoon and CZ Zhang and H Zhang and K Zhang and LF Zhang and XY Zhang and Y Zhang and ZJ Zheng and WJ Zhou and SS Zhu and W Zhu, ACS NANO, 19, 31933-31968 (2025).

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5c12854

Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications-each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community.

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