A Facile-Synthesized Dual-Network Multi-Ionic Integrated Explosive with Enhanced Detonation Performance and Promoted Aluminum Reactivity

YF Yan and Y Shang and MY Guo and SL Chen and M Cui and ZH Yu and WX Zhang and XM Chen, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, 523, 168219 (2025).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.168219

Perovskite-type (ABX(3)) oxidizer-fuel-integrated structures have been employed as a reliable platform for one-pot non-covalent assembly of emerging multi-ionic integrated explosives (MIXs) directly from non- energetic organics. Exploring non-perovskite structures to overcome the stoichiometric bottleneck is critical for unlocking design flexibility of these emerging materials, yet remains challenging without guiding principles. Herein, we propose a "interpenetrating dual networks" strategy to design a groundbreaking MIX, (H(2)eda)(2)(NH4)(ClO4)(5) (EAP-4, H(2)eda(2+) = ethane-1,2-diaminium). In EAP-4, a scheelite-type network, where NH4+ and ClO4- occupy special positions, interpenetrates with its fluorite-type counterpart (H(2)eda(2+) and the remaining ClO4- ions), forming a non-perovskite I4(1)/a structure. This unique structural feature endows EAP-4 with exceptional positive oxygen balance based on CO2 (+6.3 %, surpassing all known energetic perovskites), high synthesis efficiency (achieving over 70 % yield within 10 mins), and a high crystal density of 1.912 g.cm(-3). This innovative design establishes EAP-4 as a dual-function material: (1) an explosive with superior synthesis scalability and higher detonation capability than the widely used military explosive cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX); (2) a solid oxidizer with 24.5-fold higher thermal decomposition efficiency and significantly greater aluminum reactivity compared to the benchmark oxidizer ammonium perchlorate (AP). This work not only provides a non- perovskite paradigm for tuning energetic materials but also facilitates the systematic development of multi-ionic hybrid materials.

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