Effect of TiO2 on B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-BaO glass lubricant: Viscosity, structure, melting behavior and wettability

L Cui and PY Ni and B Song and W Lv and Y Li, CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL, 51, 24651-24664 (2025).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.03.148

Glass lubricants with suitable viscosity, softening temperature and wettability are critical for the high efficiency production of titanium alloys in hot extrusion process. A novel glass lubricant, (26.29- 0.263x)B2O3-(41.19-0.412x)SiO2-(6.13-0.061x)Al2O3-(11.39-0.114x)Na2O- (15-0.15x)BaO-xTiO2, was investigated in this paper. The effect of TiO2 content on its viscosity, structure, melting behavior and wettability was investigated from 900 degrees C to 1100 degrees C. The results showed that the viscosity value at 950 degrees C was decreased by 42.83 % from 48.8 Pa s to 27.9 Pa s, when TiO2 content was increased from 0 wt% to 12 wt%. The glass deformation, softening, hemispheric and flow temperatures were increased with an increased TiO2 content, and the sample T2 (3 wt% TiO2) showed a good wettability with the Ti-6Al-4V alloy matrix. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy fitting and molecular dynamics simulations due to show that the increased amounts of Q2, Q3, Q4, BO3, AlO4, and TiO4 in the melts with an increased TiO2 content lead to a weakened network homogeneity and symmetry, and consequently a reduced viscosity. Furthermore, lubricant T2 was recommended due to its softening temperature value of 759.1 degrees C, wetting angle value of 8.1 degrees and viscosity value of 46.6 Pa s at 950 degrees C, and a small viscosity variation was observed from 950 degrees C to 1100 degrees C, which is a typical temperature change in TC4 hot extrusion.

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