Solvation structures and ion dynamics of CaCl2 aqueous electrolytes using metadynamics and machine learning molecular dynamics simulations

Z Yu and L Cheng, CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 867, 141985 (2025).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2025.141985

This study uses ab initio and machine learning-based molecular dynamics simulations to explore solvation structures and ion dynamics in CaCl2 aqueous electrolytes. We identify multiple solvation structures around Ca2+ ions, influencing water molecule orientation extending to second hydration shell and residence times of water molecules in first hydration shell. The self-diffusivities of ions and water molecules, as calculated in machine learning-based molecular dynamics simulations, closely align with experimental measurements. Additionally, we analyze Ca2+ ion transitions across ballistic, subdiffusive, and diffusive regimes by analyzing angle distribution histograms and van Hove correlation function, providing a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular interactions.

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