Advanced perovskite-BiZnB glass composite for electro-pyroprocessing salt waste streams: fabrication and chemical durability

H Ji and K Yang and WW Ru and YB Wang and K Yang and FD Chen and CY Bai and XB Tang, CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL, 51, 52662-52675 (2025).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.09.024

The halide waste stream generated from advanced molten salt fast reactors and electro-pyroprocessing contain cumulative alkali and alkaline earth metal radionuclides and feature high environmental mobility, distinguishing it from the current waste stream. In this study, halide perovskite-derived Cs2NaInCl6 is fabricated as an ideal host material for the simultaneous immobilization of Cs, In, and Cl. Further, it is successfully incorporated into a selfassembled Bi-Zn-B glass with relatively low melting point (430 degrees C). The composite glass-ceramic waste form demonstrates relatively low processing temperatures, high waste-loading capacity, and excellent chemical durability, attributed to the gradual formation of the BiOCl passivation film, as confirmed by the semi-dynamic leaching curves. The stepwise phase degradation behavior is highly dependent on the chemical bonding environment that is dominated by an incongruent leaching mechanism and surface reorganization. The as-fabricated glass-ceramic waste form and proposed waste immobilization strategy provide a potential way to treat the questionable high-halide waste stream derived from electro- pyroprocessing and advanced molten salt reactors (MSRs).

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