Hydrodynamic energy flux in a many-particle system

R Wani and M Verma and S Nirgudkar and S Tiwari, PHYSICS LETTERS A, 526, 129944 (2024).

DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129944

In this letter, we demonstrate energy transfers and thermalization in an isolated ensemble of realistic gas particles. We perform a grid-free classical molecular dynamics simulation of two-dimensional Lenard-Jones gas. We start our simulation with a large-scale vortex akin to a hydrodynamic flow and study its non-equilibrium behavior till it attains thermal equilibrium. In the intermediate phases, small wavenumbers (k) exhibit E(k) proportional to k(-3) kinetic energy spectrum, whereas large wavenumbers exhibit E(k) proportional to k spectrum. Asymptotically, E(k) proportional to k for the whole range of k, thus indicating thermalization. These results are akin to those of Euler turbulence despite complex collisions and interactions among the particles.

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