Multi-condensate state as a functional strategy to optimize the cell signaling output

A Chattaraj and EI Shakhnovich, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 15, 6268 (2024).

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50489-5

The existence of multiple biomolecular condensates inside living cells is a peculiar phenomenon not compatible with the predictions of equilibrium statistical mechanics. In this work, we address the problem of multiple condensates state (MCS) from a functional perspective. We combine Langevin dynamics, reaction-diffusion simulation, and dynamical systems theory to demonstrate that MCS can indeed be a function optimization strategy. Using Arp2/3 mediated actin nucleation pathway as an example, we show that actin polymerization is maximum at an optimal number of condensates. For a fixed amount of Arp2/3, MCS produces a greater response compared to its single condensate counterpart. Our analysis reveals the functional significance of the condensate size distribution which can be mapped to the recent experimental findings. Given the spatial heterogeneity within condensates and non-linear nature of intracellular networks, we envision MCS to be a generic functional solution, so that structures of network motifs may have evolved to accommodate such configurations. Biomolecular condensates often appear as a multi-droplet system inside living cells. Here, using multi-scale simulations, the authors show that such configurations are functionally more efficient in catalyzing cell signaling.

Return to Publications page